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Determinants of International Tourism in Malaysia: Evidence from Gravity Model

Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia

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Title Determinants of International Tourism in Malaysia: Evidence from Gravity Model
 
Creator Ahmad Kosnan, Siti Shuhada
Ismail, NormazWana
Kaliappan, ShiveeRanjanee
 
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Description ABSTRACTThe present study uses the Gravity type approach for panel data spanning from 1998 to 2009 to identify demand andsupply factors in the Malaysian tourism industry. The findings reveal that the market size for both destination andsource countries, country that share common border and common language with Malaysia are major factors thatincreases inbound international tourist and thus increase the tourist receiptin Malaysia. On the other hand, shorterdistance and lower transportation costs also attract more tourists. The role of the exchange rate and the cost of livingare equally important, as the depreciation of the Ringgit Malaysia (RM) and the lower cost of living attract more touriststo Malaysia. Alongside demand factors, the present study also examines supply factors, such as room availability andvarious components of infrastructure. The number of hotel rooms; quality in road infrastructure; and air transportinfrastructure appear to be an important factor among international tourists.Keywords: Malaysia;demand factors; tourism; Gravity ModelABSTRAKKajian ini menggunakan pendekatan jenis Graviti bagi data panel meliputi dari 1998-2009 bagi mengenal pastipermintaan dan faktor-faktor bekalan dalam industri pelancongan Malaysia. Dapatan kajian mendapati saiz pasaranbagi kedua-dua destinasi dan negara-negara sumber, negara yang berkongsi sempadan yang sama dan bahasa yangsama dengan Malaysia adalah faktor utama yang meningkatkan pelancong antarabangsa ke negara ini dan seterusnyameningkatkan penerimaan pelancongan di Malaysia. Selain daripada itu, jarak yang dekat serta kos perjalanan yangmurah juga menjadi tarikan para pelancong. Peranan kadar pertukaran matawang dankos sara hidupadalah samapenting, kerana kejatuhan nilai Ringgit Malaysia (RM) dan kos kehidupan yang lebih rendah menarik lebih ramaipelancong ke Malaysia. Di samping faktor permintaan, kajian ini juga mengkaji faktor bekalan,seperti ketersediaantempat penginapan dan pelbagai komponen infrastruktur. Bilangan bilik hotel; kualiti infrastruktur jalanraya daninfrastruktur pengangkutan udara muncul sebagai satu faktor penting bagi pelancong antarabangsa.Kata kunci: Malaysia; faktor permintaan; pelancongan; model Graviti
 
Publisher Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
 
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Date 2013-07-01
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
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Format application/pdf
 
Identifier http://ejournal.ukm.my/jem/article/view/5579
 
Source Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia; Vol 47, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia; 131-138
0126-1962
 
Language eng
 
Relation http://ejournal.ukm.my/jem/article/view/5579/2649
 
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