Since 2014
Alteration Processes and Deterioration Phenomena of Faience Tiles in the Complex of King Djoser at Saqqara, Egypt
The Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies
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| Title |
Alteration Processes and Deterioration Phenomena of Faience Tiles in the Complex of King Djoser at Saqqara, Egypt
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| Creator |
S. Madkour, Fatma
Khallaf, Mohamed K. |
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| Subject |
Alteration processes; Faience tiles; Step Pyramid; Mortars.
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| Description |
The Complex of King Djoser (2667-2648 BC) at Saqqara was the earliest stone building of its size in the world. Some of the walls of the substructure of the Step Pyramid and the so-called "Southern Tomb" were covered with panels of blue-green faience tiles. The present work aims to study causes of decay the faience tiles which coated Southern Tomb of Step Pyramid. Investigations and analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray florescence (XRF) and polarizing microscopy were used. Results show that body of faience tiles contains high ratio of silicon oxide SiO2 and low amounts of alkaline oxides (Na2O, MgO), copper was used to obtain the blue colour in an oxidizing atmosphere and fixing mortar of faience tiles consists mainly of calcite, quartz, gypsum, in addition to halite. High content of moisture and crystallization of salts mainly halite salt were the main factors of faience tiles degradation.Keywords: Alteration processes; Faience tiles; Step Pyramid; Mortars.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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| Publisher |
e-International Publishing House (e-IPH) Ltd., UK
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| Contributor |
—
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| Date |
2018-01-05
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| Type |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article — |
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| Format |
application/pdf
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| Identifier |
https://ajbes.e-iph.co.uk/index.php/ajbes/article/view/58
10.21834/ajbes.v3i9.58 |
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| Source |
Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies; Vol 3, No 9 (2018): Jan / Feb; 25-37
2398-4295 10.21834/ajbes.v3i9 |
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| Language |
eng
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| Relation |
https://ajbes.e-iph.co.uk/index.php/ajbes/article/view/58/pdf
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| Rights |
Copyright (c) 2018 Fatma S. Madkour, Mohamed K. Khallaf
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